Miscellaneous Printing and Reproduction
Federal headcount, average salary, length of service, and pay comparison for the Miscellaneous Printing and Reproduction occupation series (code 4401), drawn directly from the OPM FedScope dataset (June 2026).
The verdict
In the Printing Family family, Miscellaneous Printing and Reproduction counts 189 employees, a smaller, specialized federal occupation at 0.0% of the federal civilian workforce, and headcount grew from the prior period; pay averages $85,576, which pays below the federal-wide average.
- Headcount change
- +12.5%
- Pay change
- -1.2%
- Avg tenure
- 16 yrs
- Rank in family
- #2 of 9
What the Numbers Say About Miscellaneous Printing and Reproduction
For job seekers weighing career length: this series shows a long average tenure, typical of career federal roles where employees stay through much of a full career before retirement. Headcount moved up versus the prior period, though at this small a headcount, year-to-year swings can reflect a handful of hires or departures rather than a broad hiring trend. As for pay, the latest move was a modest shift, consistent with routine locality pay and grade-level movement.
Miscellaneous Printing and Reproduction sits inside the Printing Family family (code 44), which contains 9 related occupations across the federal government. Candidates browsing USAJOBS for Miscellaneous Printing and Reproduction postings should also review these sibling occupations in the Printing Family family. The Printing Family family totals 994 employees, and Miscellaneous Printing and Reproduction accounts for 19.0% of them.
Salary Context
How Miscellaneous Printing and Reproduction pay compares to the federal average
Occupation Average
$85,576
Federal Average
$117,339
vs. Federal Avg
-27.1%
Where Miscellaneous Printing and Reproduction ranks on federal pay
Miscellaneous Printing and Reproduction earns more on average than 41% of federal occupation series (224 of 541). The highlighted bar marks where Miscellaneous Printing and Reproduction sits in the federal pay distribution.
Average-salary distribution across all 541 federal occupation series; the highlighted bar marks Miscellaneous Printing and Reproduction.
Related Occupations in Printing Family
8 other occupations in the same family
| Occupation | Employees | Avg Salary | Avg LOS |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bindery Working | 256 | $103,645 | 12.8 yrs |
| Letterpress Operating | 180 | $137,778 | 12 yrs |
| Hand Composing | 135 | $102,719 | 15.2 yrs |
| Intaglio Press Operating | 119 | $137,286 | 13.2 yrs |
| Offset Press Operating | 56 | $118,773 | 19.4 yrs |
| Bookbinding | 29 | $124,878 | 14 yrs |
| Platemaking | 15 | $115,980 | 19.3 yrs |
| Electrolytic Intaglio Platemaking | 15 | $142,639 | 20.1 yrs |
Nationwide occupation series with similar scale or pay
Two peer sets for Miscellaneous Printing and Reproduction outside the Printing Family family, on headcount and average salary axes that vary across all OPM occupation series.
Similar headcount
Nearest employee counts in other occupation families (189 here).
Similar average salary
Nearest average salaries in other occupation families ($85,576 here).
Key takeaways
- Place Miscellaneous Printing and Reproduction pay in context with the pay-rank chart above, then compare it with another occupation.
- Turn an average salary into a grade: the GS pay grade tables show how grades and steps map to pay.
- Browse the Printing Family family occupations in the table above, or search current Miscellaneous Printing and Reproduction postings on USAJOBS.
OPM FedScope and Federal Workforce Data figures are federal civilian headcounts, average salaries, and length-of-service statistics - not job-quality scores, hiring advice, or a live vacancy listing. A larger or higher-paid agency is not a better employer.