Miscellaneous Printing and Reproduction
Federal headcount, average salary, length of service, and pay comparison for the Miscellaneous Printing and Reproduction occupation series (code 4401), drawn directly from the OPM FedScope dataset (June 2026).
The verdict
In the Printing Family family, Miscellaneous Printing and Reproduction counts 189 employees, a smaller, specialized federal occupation at 0.0% of the federal civilian workforce, and headcount grew 12.5% from the prior period; pay averages $85,576, which pays below the federal-wide $117,339.
- Employees
- 189
- Share of workforce
- 0.0%
- Avg salary
- $85,576
- Avg tenure
- 16 yrs
What the Numbers Say About Miscellaneous Printing and Reproduction
As of the June 2026 reporting window, 189 people work in the Miscellaneous Printing and Reproduction occupation (OPM code 4401) across federal agencies, 0.0% of the 1,953,300-strong federal civilian workforce. Headcount moved up by 12.5% from the prior period, though at this small a headcount, year-to-year swings can reflect a handful of hires or departures rather than a broad hiring trend.
Miscellaneous Printing and Reproduction pays $85,576 per year on average, moving down -1.2% from the prior period (a modest shift, consistent with routine locality pay and grade-level movement). Employees in this role stay an average of 16 years, a long average tenure, typical of career federal roles where employees stay through much of a full career before retirement.
Miscellaneous Printing and Reproduction sits inside the Printing Family family (code 44), which contains 9 related occupations across the federal government. Candidates browsing USAJOBS for Miscellaneous Printing and Reproduction postings should also review these sibling occupations in the Printing Family family.
Within the Printing Family family, Miscellaneous Printing and Reproduction is one of the top 9 occupations by headcount (#2), accounting for 19.0% of the family's combined 994 employees.
Salary Context
How Miscellaneous Printing and Reproduction pay compares to the federal average of $117,339
Occupation Average
$85,576
Federal Average
$117,339
vs. Federal Avg
-27.1%
Where Miscellaneous Printing and Reproduction ranks on federal pay
Its average salary of $85,576 is higher than 41% of federal occupation series (224 of 541). The highlighted bar marks where Miscellaneous Printing and Reproduction sits in the federal pay distribution.
Average-salary distribution across all 541 federal occupation series; Miscellaneous Printing and Reproduction ranks higher than 41%.
Related Occupations in Printing Family
8 other occupations in the same family
| Occupation | Employees | Avg Salary | Avg LOS |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bindery Working | 256 | $103,645 | 12.8 yrs |
| Letterpress Operating | 180 | $137,778 | 12 yrs |
| Hand Composing | 135 | $102,719 | 15.2 yrs |
| Intaglio Press Operating | 119 | $137,286 | 13.2 yrs |
| Offset Press Operating | 56 | $118,773 | 19.4 yrs |
| Bookbinding | 29 | $124,878 | 14 yrs |
| Platemaking | 15 | $115,980 | 19.3 yrs |
| Electrolytic Intaglio Platemaking | 15 | $142,639 | 20.1 yrs |
Nationwide occupation series with similar scale or pay
Two peer sets for Miscellaneous Printing and Reproduction outside the Printing Family family, on headcount and average salary axes that vary across all OPM occupation series.
Similar headcount
Nearest employee counts in other occupation families (189 here).
Similar average salary
Nearest average salaries in other occupation families ($85,576 here).
Key takeaways
- Miscellaneous Printing and Reproduction pays below the federal average by 27.1% ($85,576 vs $117,339 federal-wide), at the 41st percentile for pay among 541 tracked occupation series.
- A smaller, specialized federal occupation by headcount: 189 employees, 0.0% of the federal civilian workforce, and headcount grew 12.5% from the prior period.
- According to OPM FedScope June 2026, Miscellaneous Printing and Reproduction ranks #416 of 663 federal occupation series by headcount (the same employee_count ordering as our occupations directory).
- Within the Printing Family family, Miscellaneous Printing and Reproduction is one of the top 9 occupations by headcount (#2), accounting for 19.0% of the family's combined 994 employees.
OPM FedScope and Federal Workforce Data figures are federal civilian headcounts, average salaries, and length-of-service statistics - not job-quality scores, hiring advice, or a live vacancy listing. A larger or higher-paid agency is not a better employer.