Longest Average Federal Tenure by State
States where federal employees have the longest average length of service.
According to the U.S. Office of Personnel Management FedScope dataset (March 2025), this ranking draws on 2,289,472 federal civilian employees across 115 agencies and all 50 states plus DC - see our methodology for how the figures are computed.
District of Columbia leads with 14.1 yrs on the avg years measure - the median of the 51 ranked states is Oklahoma at 11.4 yrs.
What This Ranking Tells Us
Average length of service varies significantly by state, reflecting workforce composition, retirement patterns, and regional labor market dynamics. States with older, more established federal operations tend to have longer average tenure. High-tenure states may face workforce planning challenges as large cohorts approach retirement eligibility simultaneously. Low-tenure states may indicate newer operations, high turnover, or growing workforces with many recent hires.
What the Ranked Data Shows
This ranking covers 51 federal states drawn from OPM FedScope Employment Cubes. The leader is District of Columbia with 14.1 yrs on the "Avg Years" measure - 1.2× the median state (11.4 yrs). Federal workforce data of this kind is widely used by USAJOBS applicants, congressional staff, and GAO analysts to understand where federal hiring and compensation are concentrated across the country.
The median state in this list is Oklahoma at 11.4 yrs, illustrating the midpoint of the distribution. At the other end, Nevada anchors the bottom of the ranked set with 10.0 yrs. The spread between leader and trailing positions is what matters most for policy: it shows how unevenly federal employment, compensation, and tenure are distributed across jurisdictions and departments, and where shifts in locality pay, mission assignments, or hiring freezes would bite hardest.
For job seekers evaluating federal career moves on USAJOBS, these rankings inform strategic choices: a higher-salary state or agency often signals concentrated senior-grade positions, while a large-headcount jurisdiction points to broader entry-level opportunity. Combined with length-of-service patterns, the ranking gives a practical view of where the federal workforce is most durable and where turnover creates openings. Data sourced from Office of Personnel Management (OPM) FedScope and refreshed as OPM publishes new semi-annual FedScope releases.
The top 10 federal states by avg years, OPM FedScope.
The bar to make this list
How avg years is distributed across all 51 states - most cluster in the middle, with a long tail at the top. A state needs about 11.9 yrs to reach the top 10.
Distribution of avg years across all 51 federal states.
| # | Name | Avg Years |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | District of Columbia | 14.1 yrs |
| 2 | Maryland | 13.8 yrs |
| 3 | New Jersey | 13.1 yrs |
| 4 | Alabama | 12.4 yrs |
| 5 | New Hampshire | 12.4 yrs |
| 6 | Virginia | 12.3 yrs |
| 7 | West Virginia | 12.1 yrs |
| 8 | Massachusetts | 12.0 yrs |
| 9 | New Mexico | 12.0 yrs |
| 10 | Georgia | 11.9 yrs |
| 11 | Pennsylvania | 11.9 yrs |
| 12 | Texas | 11.8 yrs |
| 13 | New York | 11.8 yrs |
| 14 | Washington | 11.7 yrs |
| 15 | Illinois | 11.7 yrs |
| 16 | Montana | 11.7 yrs |
| 17 | California | 11.6 yrs |
| 18 | Ohio | 11.6 yrs |
| 19 | Indiana | 11.6 yrs |
| 20 | Connecticut | 11.6 yrs |
| 21 | Vermont | 11.6 yrs |
| 22 | Hawaii | 11.5 yrs |
| 23 | Louisiana | 11.5 yrs |
| 24 | Florida | 11.4 yrs |
| 25 | Colorado | 11.4 yrs |
| 26 | Oklahoma | 11.4 yrs |
| 27 | Missouri | 11.4 yrs |
| 28 | Michigan | 11.4 yrs |
| 29 | Kentucky | 11.3 yrs |
| 30 | Rhode Island | 11.3 yrs |
| 31 | Arizona | 11.2 yrs |
| 32 | South Carolina | 11.2 yrs |
| 33 | Oregon | 11.2 yrs |
| 34 | Mississippi | 11.2 yrs |
| 35 | Arkansas | 11.2 yrs |
| 36 | Delaware | 11.2 yrs |
| 37 | Minnesota | 11.0 yrs |
| 38 | Kansas | 11.0 yrs |
| 39 | Nebraska | 11.0 yrs |
| 40 | Alaska | 11.0 yrs |
| 41 | Idaho | 11.0 yrs |
| 42 | South Dakota | 11.0 yrs |
| 43 | Utah | 10.9 yrs |
| 44 | North Carolina | 10.8 yrs |
| 45 | North Dakota | 10.8 yrs |
| 46 | Tennessee | 10.6 yrs |
| 47 | Maine | 10.5 yrs |
| 48 | Iowa | 10.5 yrs |
| 49 | Wyoming | 10.5 yrs |
| 50 | Wisconsin | 10.4 yrs |
| 51 | Nevada | 10.0 yrs |
Source: Office of Personnel Management (OPM) FedScope.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the average length of federal service?
The average federal employee has approximately 12-14 years of service. This varies widely, some career employees serve 30+ years, while others leave within their first few years. The average has been trending downward as retirement-eligible baby boomers leave and are replaced by newer hires.
Why does tenure vary so much by state?
States with long-established military installations, VA medical centers, and headquarters operations tend to have longer average tenure. States experiencing federal workforce growth (new facilities, expanding agencies) have lower averages due to the influx of recent hires pulling the mean down.
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PlainGovJobs is rendered directly from OPM FedScope federal-workforce data, figures are sourced from published program rules and verified against primary sources. The ranking table, chart, and summary line above are computed live from OPM FedScope employment records; the explanatory narrative and FAQ answers are editorial context, not live queries. See our editorial standards & corrections policy, the methodology behind these numbers, or report a data error.
Read our methodology - how this data is sourced, computed, and verified.