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OPM FedScope March 2025 Federal rankings

Longest Average Federal Tenure by State

States where federal employees have the longest average length of service.

According to the U.S. Office of Personnel Management FedScope dataset (March 2025), this ranking draws on 2,289,472 federal civilian employees across 115 agencies and all 50 states plus DC - see our methodology for how the figures are computed.

District of Columbia leads with 14.1 yrs on the avg years measure - the median of the 51 ranked states is Oklahoma at 11.4 yrs.

What This Ranking Tells Us

Average length of service varies significantly by state, reflecting workforce composition, retirement patterns, and regional labor market dynamics. States with older, more established federal operations tend to have longer average tenure. High-tenure states may face workforce planning challenges as large cohorts approach retirement eligibility simultaneously. Low-tenure states may indicate newer operations, high turnover, or growing workforces with many recent hires.

What the Ranked Data Shows

This ranking covers 51 federal states drawn from OPM FedScope Employment Cubes. The leader is District of Columbia with 14.1 yrs on the "Avg Years" measure - 1.2× the median state (11.4 yrs). Federal workforce data of this kind is widely used by USAJOBS applicants, congressional staff, and GAO analysts to understand where federal hiring and compensation are concentrated across the country.

The median state in this list is Oklahoma at 11.4 yrs, illustrating the midpoint of the distribution. At the other end, Nevada anchors the bottom of the ranked set with 10.0 yrs. The spread between leader and trailing positions is what matters most for policy: it shows how unevenly federal employment, compensation, and tenure are distributed across jurisdictions and departments, and where shifts in locality pay, mission assignments, or hiring freezes would bite hardest.

For job seekers evaluating federal career moves on USAJOBS, these rankings inform strategic choices: a higher-salary state or agency often signals concentrated senior-grade positions, while a large-headcount jurisdiction points to broader entry-level opportunity. Combined with length-of-service patterns, the ranking gives a practical view of where the federal workforce is most durable and where turnover creates openings. Data sourced from Office of Personnel Management (OPM) FedScope and refreshed as OPM publishes new semi-annual FedScope releases.

1. District of Columbia14.1 yrs2. Maryland13.8 yrs3. New Jersey13.1 yrs4. Alabama12.4 yrs5. New Hampshire12.4 yrs6. Virginia12.3 yrs7. West Virginia12.1 yrs8. Massachusetts12.0 yrs9. New Mexico12.0 yrs10. Georgia11.9 yrs
Top 10 by avg years

The top 10 federal states by avg years, OPM FedScope.

Source: Office of Personnel Management (OPM) FedScope

The bar to make this list

How avg years is distributed across all 51 states - most cluster in the middle, with a long tail at the top. A state needs about 11.9 yrs to reach the top 10.

0 5 10 15 20 25 10.0 yrs–11.0 yrs 11.0 yrs–12.0 yrs 13.0 yrs–13.0 yrs 6 17 21 4 1 2
Number of states in each avg years range (OPM FedScope)

Distribution of avg years across all 51 federal states.

Source: Office of Personnel Management (OPM) FedScope

# Name Avg Years
1 District of Columbia 14.1 yrs
2 Maryland 13.8 yrs
3 New Jersey 13.1 yrs
4 Alabama 12.4 yrs
5 New Hampshire 12.4 yrs
6 Virginia 12.3 yrs
7 West Virginia 12.1 yrs
8 Massachusetts 12.0 yrs
9 New Mexico 12.0 yrs
10 Georgia 11.9 yrs
11 Pennsylvania 11.9 yrs
12 Texas 11.8 yrs
13 New York 11.8 yrs
14 Washington 11.7 yrs
15 Illinois 11.7 yrs
16 Montana 11.7 yrs
17 California 11.6 yrs
18 Ohio 11.6 yrs
19 Indiana 11.6 yrs
20 Connecticut 11.6 yrs
21 Vermont 11.6 yrs
22 Hawaii 11.5 yrs
23 Louisiana 11.5 yrs
24 Florida 11.4 yrs
25 Colorado 11.4 yrs
26 Oklahoma 11.4 yrs
27 Missouri 11.4 yrs
28 Michigan 11.4 yrs
29 Kentucky 11.3 yrs
30 Rhode Island 11.3 yrs
31 Arizona 11.2 yrs
32 South Carolina 11.2 yrs
33 Oregon 11.2 yrs
34 Mississippi 11.2 yrs
35 Arkansas 11.2 yrs
36 Delaware 11.2 yrs
37 Minnesota 11.0 yrs
38 Kansas 11.0 yrs
39 Nebraska 11.0 yrs
40 Alaska 11.0 yrs
41 Idaho 11.0 yrs
42 South Dakota 11.0 yrs
43 Utah 10.9 yrs
44 North Carolina 10.8 yrs
45 North Dakota 10.8 yrs
46 Tennessee 10.6 yrs
47 Maine 10.5 yrs
48 Iowa 10.5 yrs
49 Wyoming 10.5 yrs
50 Wisconsin 10.4 yrs
51 Nevada 10.0 yrs

Source: Office of Personnel Management (OPM) FedScope.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the average length of federal service?

The average federal employee has approximately 12-14 years of service. This varies widely, some career employees serve 30+ years, while others leave within their first few years. The average has been trending downward as retirement-eligible baby boomers leave and are replaced by newer hires.

Why does tenure vary so much by state?

States with long-established military installations, VA medical centers, and headquarters operations tend to have longer average tenure. States experiencing federal workforce growth (new facilities, expanding agencies) have lower averages due to the influx of recent hires pulling the mean down.

PlainGovJobs is rendered directly from OPM FedScope federal-workforce data, figures are sourced from published program rules and verified against primary sources. The ranking table, chart, and summary line above are computed live from OPM FedScope employment records; the explanatory narrative and FAQ answers are editorial context, not live queries. See our editorial standards & corrections policy, the methodology behind these numbers, or report a data error.

Related

Data sourced from official public datasets. See our methodology for details. Retrieved and formatted by PlainGovJobs

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